Fistulas

A fistula is an abnormal connection between two body parts, such as an organ and the skin, or between two organs. The most common type is an anal fistula, where a tunnel forms between the anal canal and the skin near the anus. Fistulas are often caused by infections, abscesses, or inflammation and usually require medical or surgical treatment for proper healing.

Treatments

Medications – Antibiotics or anti-inflammatory drugs to control infection and inflammation.
Seton Placement – A surgical thread placed inside the fistula to keep it open and drain infection before definitive surgery.
Fistulotomy – The most common surgery where the fistula tract is opened and allowed to heal naturally.
Laser Surgery – A minimally invasive method using laser energy to close the fistula tract with faster recovery.
Advanced Surgical Options – LIFT procedure, plugs, or flap repair for complex fistulas.

Symptoms and Causes

Symptoms:

Pain, swelling, or redness near the anus
Persistent pus or blood discharge
Recurrent abscess formation
Fever and fatigue in severe cases
Irritation or pain during bowel movements

Causes:

Anal gland infections or abscesses
Inflammatory bowel diseases like Crohn’s disease
Trauma or injury to the anal region
Post-surgical complications in the rectal area
Infections such as tuberculosis (rare cause)

Prevention

Maintain good anal hygiene to reduce risk of infection
Eat a high-fiber diet to avoid constipation and straining
Treat anal abscesses promptly to prevent fistula formation
Regular check-ups for patients with Crohn’s disease or chronic bowel conditions
Avoid prolonged sitting and unhealthy lifestyle habits